Invertebrate Zoology Lecture Notes Ppt New [extra Quality] Jun 2026

Step-by-step visual pathways for complex parasitic life cycles (e.g., Schistosoma or Ascaris ) to help students track definitive and intermediate hosts.

Cephalopods (squids and octopuses; advanced nervous systems, closed circulation). Module 4: Ecdysozoans (Nematodes and Arthropods) 1. Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)

Crustacea: Crabs, lobsters, barnacles. Mostly aquatic with (branched) appendages and two pairs of sensory antennae.

[Lophotrochozoa] │ ┌───────────────┼───────────────┐ ▼ ▼ ▼ Platyhelminthes Mollusca Annelida (Acoelomate) (Reduced Coelom) (Metameric Coelom) Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) invertebrate zoology lecture notes ppt new

Hydrostatic skeleton worked by longitudinal and circular muscles, aided by chitinous bristles called setae (or chaetae ).

Modified into legs, wings, mouthparts, and antennae for specialized tasks.

When you search for , look for bundles that include: Modified into legs, wings, mouthparts, and antennae for

Elongated, soft bodies. They expel internal organs for self-defense. Invertebrate Chordates

Blastopore becomes the anus; radical shift in embryonic cleavage and development.

Endoparasites. They live in vertebrate intestines. They lack a digestive tract. They absorb nutrients directly across their outer skin (tegument). Phylum Nematoda: The Roundworms Visceral Mass (internal organs)

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Dorsoventrally flattened to maximize surface area for gas exchange via diffusion.

Three main parts— Foot (locomotion), Visceral Mass (internal organs), and Mantle (secretes the shell).

Cnidocytes containing nematocysts (stinging organelles) for defense and hunting.

2. Structural & Functional Organization: Evolution and Adaptation